Preparing the published article.
Standards for Mobile Robots, AGVs and AMRs
ISO 3691-4 and the site-level rules that sit alongside it.
Vehicle and site are separate responsibilities
ISO 3691-4 covers driverless industrial trucks and their systems, including safety requirements for the vehicle and the traffic-management system. The site layout, pedestrian routes and operating rules remain the site operator's responsibility, and both sides need to agree the interface.
| Aspect | Vehicle/system | Site |
|---|---|---|
| Detection and braking | Certified by the vehicle maker | Verify stopping distances on the real floor |
| Traffic management | Fleet software | Zones, speed limits, priorities |
| Pedestrian crossings | Detection capability | Marking, signals, training |
| Floor condition | Tolerance for slopes and joints | Maintenance, repairs, spills |
| Mixed traffic | Interface rules | Rules and enforcement |
Commissioning checklist on the real site
- Measure stopping distance loaded and unloaded, on the actual floor.
- Test detection with the clothing and posture of real staff, including in low light.
- Verify the behaviour at blind corners and near doors.
- Document the response when the fleet manager or network fails.