Preparing the published article.
Units and Conversions in Robotics
Unit slips cause real damage in safety work.
Common conversions
| Quantity | Conversion |
|---|---|
| Length | 1 mm = 0.001 m; 1 in = 25.4 mm |
| Mass | 1 kg = 2.205 lb |
| Force | 1 kgf ≈ 9.81 N |
| Torque | 1 N·m ≈ 0.102 kgf·m |
| Pressure | 1 MPa ≈ 10 bar ≈ 145 psi |
| Speed | 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h |
Why it matters
Collaborative force limits are stated in newtons while workshops think in kilograms-force. A conversion error changes the safety conclusion, so fix the unit in the document and convert once.