Preparing the published article.
Mobile Robot Safety: AGV and AMR Differences
Both move loads, but their safety case is built differently.
Where the two diverge
| Aspect | Fixed-path AGV | Free-navigation AMR |
|---|---|---|
| Navigation | Tape, rail or marker | |
| Mapping and localisation | ||
| Obstacle handling | Defined zones and interlocks | |
| Dynamic detection and avoidance | ||
| Traffic | Simple priority rules | |
| Fleet management with negotiation | ||
| Main risk | Crossings on a fixed route | |
| Unpredictable paths in shared space |
Shared requirements
- Stability and braking tests under the heaviest permitted load.
- Clear rules for mixing with pedestrians and manual vehicles.
- Charging area layout, ventilation and fire precautions.
- Emergency stop access along the whole route.
Mixed-traffic sites need a site-specific risk assessment, not merely a compliant product.