Preparing the published article.
Freight, Insurance and Incoterms for Used Equipment
Who carries the risk in transit decides who pays for damage.
Decide before you quote
| Term | What it means in practice |
|---|---|
| Ex-works | Buyer collects and carries all risk from the seller door |
| FOB | Seller delivers to the carrier; risk passes at loading |
| CIF | Seller arranges freight and insurance to the destination port |
| DAP | Seller delivers to the named place, buyer unloads |
| DDP | Seller clears import and delivers duty paid |
Practical points
- Used machines need bracing and shock indicators, especially multi-axis robots.
- Insurance should value the machine, not just the freight cost.
- Photograph the loading; it settles most damage claims.
Incoterms define risk and cost, not ownership. Confirm transfer of title separately.